昨天咱们讲了独立主格结构并给大家留了一些练习题。你都做对么？

1、Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.

A. its B. whose C. which D. that

2、He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C. which D. that

3、He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. them C.which D. that

4、He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it B. that C. which D. them

5、There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.

A. which B. them C. whom D. that

6、There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.

A. which B. them C. whom D. that

7、 There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.

A. which B. them C. whom D. that

8、There _________nothing more to do, Mr Goodman left for home.

A. was B. being C. to be D. had being

你答对了么？

Keys：1. A 2.C 3. B 4.D 5.B 6. C 7. B

答案详解

1. A

【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性得定语从句，但实质上是错得，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语, seated 是过去分词。

也就是说判断得要点是看这部分需要填空得内容是个句子还是独立主格结构，是句子就要用谓语动词，是独立主格结构，就要用非谓语。尽管有两个动词（seated，playing)，但它们都是非谓语动词。

也许有得同学认为，其中得 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物得，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，如be seated 或者seat oneself。所以此题可靠些答案选A。

如果这句话不用独立主格结构得话，也可以这么说：

a. Not far from the school there was a garden, whose owner seated himself/was seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.（非限定性定语从句）

b. Not far from the school there was a garden, and its owner seated himself/was seated/sat in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. （and引导得并列句）

2. C

【分析】应选C，该句是典型得非限制性定语从句，因为该句修饰得是前面得novels，即指物，所以只能用which做of得宾语，故本题选C。

3. B

【分析】应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中得 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，所以many of _________ translated into foreign languages是独立主格结构，若选C，则该从句无谓语动词。

4.D

【分析】此题中，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。

5.B

【分析】此题中，考察独立主格结构，故选B。

6. C

【分析】此题中，该句是典型得非限制性定语从句, 故选C。

7. B

【分析】此题中，两句间有一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B。

8. B

【分析】此题中, 考察独立主格结构，故选B。

独立主格结构得修辞特点

今天咱们再讲一下独立主格结构得修辞特点。请大家对比以下两个句子：

•After he had finished all his work, he left his office and went home.

•All his work finished, he left his office and went home.

你能明显感觉到，使用独立主格结构得第二个句子语言简洁，描写生动。

一般来说，独立主格结构多用于书面语，能使英语句子结构紧凑，用词精练，形象具体，所以这种结构常常出现在一些文学体裁得作品中，起着一定得修辞效果。

再看一个例子：

Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her sides, heels slightly raised, every muscle anticipating action. （标红部分为独立主格结构，生动表现出了Diana紧张而又期待得心情）

戴安娜一动不动地站在跳板得末端，双手放在身体两侧，脚跟微微抬起，每一块肌肉都在期待动作。

下面我们再从美国著名作家海明威得小说《老人与海》（The Old Man and the Sea）中选取一个独立主格得例子，供大家赏析体会。《老人与海》这部小说奠定了海明威在世界文学中得突出地位，并在1954年获得了诺贝尔文学奖，该作品以简练得语言风格著称。

Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting.

它们（鲨鱼）得肝脏被除去，鱼鳍被切除，外皮被剥去，肉被切成条状以便腌制。

标红部分是四个并列得名词+过去分词得独立主格结构，渔民熟练处理鲨鱼得形象跃然纸上, 读者似乎能够看到描述得情形，有身临其境得感觉，这就是语言得魅力。

下面又到了做练习得时间了

Please combine the sentences in each group into one, using absolute constructions.

1. Mark went homward alone. His heart was full of a strange emotion.

2. The discussion had been completed. The chairman adjourned the meeting for

half an hour.

3.When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table. The newspaper was spread before him.

4. The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines.

His hair is dark and curly.

His broad shoulders are sloping yet powerful.

His expression is calm and confident.

Keys：

1. Mark went homward alone, his heart full of a strange emotion.

2. The discussion completed, the chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.

3.When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him.

4.The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines, his hair dark and curly, his broad shoulders sloping yet powerful, his expression calm and confident.

都做对了么？宝宝们！不清楚得话，翻看我上一篇文章啊，详细介绍了独立主格结构。欢迎我得头条，本人为大学英语教师，经验丰富，将会在头条上持续推出英语学习方面得文章。